Sixteen Songs for Children, Op. 54 - Revision history

Brett at 13:14, 16 September 2023

2023-09-16T13:14:31Z

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	==Arrangements==		==Arrangements==
	The song ''Legend'' (No. 5) was orchestrated by Tchaikovsky on 2/14 April 1884 (according to the date on the manuscript), at the request of the baritone Dmitry Usatov, an artist at the Bolshoi Theatre in [[Moscow]]: "For the last three days I have been studying your songs for children, and the other day I saw a bill for a concert at the Bolshoi that I am to perform your ''Legend''... Please excuse this impertinent request I make to you (and also to [[Altani]]): could you find the time to orchestrate this ''Legend'' a semitone higher, in F minor?" <ref name="note17"/>. Tchaikovsky duly complied with the artist's request, and the orchestral version was scored for 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (in B-flat), 2 bassoons, 2 horns (in F), and strings <ref name="note18"/>.		The song ''Legend'' (No. 5) was orchestrated by Tchaikovsky on 2/14 April 1884 (according to the date on the manuscript), at the request of the baritone [[Dmitry Usatov]], an artist at the Bolshoi Theatre in [[Moscow]]: "For the last three days I have been studying your songs for children, and the other day I saw a bill for a concert at the Bolshoi that I am to perform your ''Legend''... Please excuse this impertinent request I make to you (and also to [[Altani]]): could you find the time to orchestrate this ''Legend'' a semitone higher, in F minor?" <ref name="note17"/>. Tchaikovsky duly complied with the artist's request, and the orchestral version was scored for 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (in B-flat), 2 bassoons, 2 horns (in F), and strings <ref name="note18"/>.

	''Legend'' (No. 5) was also arranged by the author for mixed chorus ''a cappella''. This arrangement was made in January 1889, evidently at the request of [[Fyodor Becker]], who asked Tchaikovsky to write two secular choruses for a concert of the Imperial Theatre Chorus. For this event, the composer wrote the chorus ''[[The Nightingale]]'' and made an arrangement for mixed chorus of the children's song ''Legend'', which was performed for the first time on 19/31 March 1889 at a secular choral concert by the [[Saint Petersburg]] Imperial Opera, conducted by [[Fyodor Becker]].		''Legend'' (No. 5) was also arranged by the author for mixed chorus ''a cappella''. This arrangement was made in January 1889, evidently at the request of [[Fyodor Becker]], who asked Tchaikovsky to write two secular choruses for a concert of the Imperial Theatre Chorus. For this event, the composer wrote the chorus ''[[The Nightingale]]'' and made an arrangement for mixed chorus of the children's song ''Legend'', which was performed for the first time on 19/31 March 1889 at a secular choral concert by the [[Saint Petersburg]] Imperial Opera, conducted by [[Fyodor Becker]].
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	<ref name="note15">[[Letter 2379]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 31 October/12 November 1883.</ref>		<ref name="note15">[[Letter 2379]] to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]], 31 October/12 November 1883.</ref>
	<ref name="note16">[[Letter 2380]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 1/13 November 1883.</ref>		<ref name="note16">[[Letter 2380]] to [[Nadezhda von Meck]], 1/13 November 1883.</ref>
	<ref name="note17">Undated letter from Dmitry Usatov to Tchaikovsky — [[Klin]] ~~House-Museum Archive~~.</ref>		<ref name="note17">Undated letter from [[Dmitry Usatov]] to Tchaikovsky — {{RUS-KLč}} at [[Klin]] (a{{sup\|4}}, No. 4475).</ref>
	<ref name="note18">See [[Letter 4334]] to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]], 19 February/3 March 1891.</ref>		<ref name="note18">See [[Letter 4334]] to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]], 19 February/3 March 1891.</ref>
	<ref name="note19">[[Letter 2382]] to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]], 3/15 November 1883.</ref>		<ref name="note19">[[Letter 2382]] to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]], 3/15 November 1883.</ref>

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2023-08-06T18:38:03Z

Autographs

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	Tchaikovsky's manuscript scores of Nos. 1 to 15 are now preserved in the {{RUS-Mcm}} in [[Moscow]] {{TOW2\|shestnadcat-pesen-dlya-detey\|(ф. 88, No. 140)}}. The whereabouts of the autograph of No. 16 are unknown.		Tchaikovsky's manuscript scores of Nos. 1 to 15 are now preserved in the {{RUS-Mcm}} in [[Moscow]] {{TOW2\|shestnadcat-pesen-dlya-detey\|(ф. 88, No. 140)}}. The whereabouts of the autograph of No. 16 are unknown.

	The autograph of Tchaikovsky's orchestral arrangements of ''Legend'' (No. 5) is also held at the ~~Glinka Museum~~ {{TOW2\|legenda-byl-u-hrista-mladenca-sad-instrumentovka-dlya-peniya-s-orkestrom\|(ф. 88, No. 141a)}}, along with the composer's preliminary sketches for the same song {{TOW2\|legenda-byl-u-hrista-mladenca-sad-eskiz-pesni\|(ф. 88, No. 141)}}, and Tchaikovsky's notes on the manuscripts of [[Sergey Taneyev]]'s arrangements for voice and orchestra of ''Legend'' (No. 5) {{TOW2\|legenda-byl-u-hrista-mladenca-sad-pomety-i-pravka-p-i-chaykovskogo-na-avtografe-partitury-instrumentovki-s-i-taneeva\|(ф. 85, No. 80)}} and ''Autumn'' (No. 14) {{TOW2\|legenda-byl-u-hrista-mladenca-sad-pomety-i-pravka-p-i-chaykovskogo-na-avtografe-partitury-instrumentovki-s-i-taneeva\|(ф. 85, No. 40)}}.		The autograph of Tchaikovsky's orchestral arrangements of ''Legend'' (No. 5) is also held at the {{RUS-Mcm}} {{TOW2\|legenda-byl-u-hrista-mladenca-sad-instrumentovka-dlya-peniya-s-orkestrom\|(ф. 88, No. 141a)}}, along with the composer's preliminary sketches for the same song {{TOW2\|legenda-byl-u-hrista-mladenca-sad-eskiz-pesni\|(ф. 88, No. 141)}}, and Tchaikovsky's notes on the manuscripts of [[Sergey Taneyev]]'s arrangements for voice and orchestra of ''Legend'' (No. 5) {{TOW2\|legenda-byl-u-hrista-mladenca-sad-pomety-i-pravka-p-i-chaykovskogo-na-avtografe-partitury-instrumentovki-s-i-taneeva\|(ф. 85, No. 80)}} and ''Autumn'' (No. 14) {{TOW2\|legenda-byl-u-hrista-mladenca-sad-pomety-i-pravka-p-i-chaykovskogo-na-avtografe-partitury-instrumentovki-s-i-taneeva\|(ф. 85, No. 40)}}.

	The manuscript of Tchaikovsky's choral arrangement of ''Legend'' has been lost.		The manuscript of Tchaikovsky's choral arrangement of ''Legend'' has been lost.

Tony: /* Publication */ Added "for" to give clarity of meaning

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Publication: Added "for" to give clarity of meaning

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	==Publication==		==Publication==
	On 3/15 November 1883. Tchaikovsky wrote to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] from [[Kamenka]]: "Today I sent you 15 children's songs. They should preferably be published with illustrations, thus making a splendid present for children—but do whatever you think best. If you wish, you can add ''Lizochek'' to them" <ref name="note19"/>.		On 3/15 November 1883, Tchaikovsky wrote to [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] from [[Kamenka]]: "Today I sent you 15 children's songs. They should preferably be published with illustrations, thus making a splendid present for children—but do whatever you think best. If you wish, you can add ''Lizochek'' to them" <ref name="note19"/>.

	Travelling to [[Berlin]] in February 1884, the composer forgot to take the proofs of the children's songs with him, and on 8/20 February he asked [[ Pyotr Jurgenson]] to engage [[Karl Klindworth]] to read the proofs: "To ensure that the words fit with the music you should either wait for me, or turn to [[Taneyev]], [[Laroche]], [[Kashkin]], etc." <ref name="note20"/>.		Travelling to [[Berlin]] in February 1884, the composer forgot to take the proofs of the children's songs with him, and on 8/20 February he asked [[ Pyotr Jurgenson]] to engage [[Karl Klindworth]] to read the proofs: "To ensure that the words fit with the music you should either wait for me, or turn to [[Taneyev]], [[Laroche]], [[Kashkin]], etc." <ref name="note20"/>.
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	All the songs were published for the first time by [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] in March 1884 <ref name="note21"/>. The ''Child's Song'' (No. 16) had been published by Jurgenson in January 1881, and reprinted later that year in issue 1 of the [[Saint Petersburg]] monthly journal ''Children's Holiday'' (Детский отдых).		All the songs were published for the first time by [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] in March 1884 <ref name="note21"/>. The ''Child's Song'' (No. 16) had been published by Jurgenson in January 1881, and reprinted later that year in issue 1 of the [[Saint Petersburg]] monthly journal ''Children's Holiday'' (Детский отдых).

	The score and parts of Tchaikovsky's choral arrangement of ''Legend'' (No. 5) were published by [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] in December 1889 or January 1890 <ref name="note22"/>. Early in 1891 the choral parts of ''Legend'' were published in [[Hamburg]] by [[Daniel Rahter]], and Tchaikovsky himself supplied the German text for this edition and corrected the proofs <ref name="note23"/>.		The score and parts of Tchaikovsky's choral arrangement of ''Legend'' (No. 5) were published by [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] in December 1889 or January 1890 <ref name="note22"/>. Early in 1891, the choral parts of ''Legend'' were published in [[Hamburg]] by [[Daniel Rahter]], and Tchaikovsky himself supplied the German text for this edition and corrected the proofs <ref name="note23"/>.

	The full score and parts the composer's orchestral arrangement of ''Legend'' (No. 5) were issued by [[Jurgenson]] in February 1892.		The full score and parts for the composer's orchestral arrangement of ''Legend'' (No. 5) were issued by [[Jurgenson]] in February 1892.

	The Sixteen Songs for Children were published in volume 45 of Tchaikovsky's ''[[Complete Collected Works]]'' (1940), edited by Ivan Shishov and Nikolay Shemanin. The composer's orchestral and choral arrangements of ''Legend'' (No. 5) were included in volume 27 (edited by Irina Iordan, 1960), and volume 63 (edited by Lyudmila Korabelnikova and Marina Rakhmanova, 1990) of the same series respectively.		The Sixteen Songs for Children were published in volume 45 of Tchaikovsky's ''[[Complete Collected Works]]'' (1940), edited by Ivan Shishov and Nikolay Shemanin. The composer's orchestral and choral arrangements of ''Legend'' (No. 5) were included in volume 27 (edited by Irina Iordan, 1960), and volume 63 (edited by Lyudmila Korabelnikova and Marina Rakhmanova, 1990) of the same series respectively.

Tony: /* Arrangements */

2023-01-30T19:09:45Z

Arrangements

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	The song ''Legend'' (No. 5) was orchestrated by Tchaikovsky on 2/14 April 1884 (according to the date on the manuscript), at the request of the baritone Dmitry Usatov, an artist at the Bolshoi Theatre in [[Moscow]]: "For the last three days I have been studying your songs for children, and the other day I saw a bill for a concert at the Bolshoi that I am to perform your ''Legend''... Please excuse this impertinent request I make to you (and also to [[Altani]]): could you find the time to orchestrate this ''Legend'' a semitone higher, in F minor?" <ref name="note17"/>. Tchaikovsky duly complied with the artist's request, and the orchestral version was scored for 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (in B-flat), 2 bassoons, 2 horns (in F), and strings <ref name="note18"/>.		The song ''Legend'' (No. 5) was orchestrated by Tchaikovsky on 2/14 April 1884 (according to the date on the manuscript), at the request of the baritone Dmitry Usatov, an artist at the Bolshoi Theatre in [[Moscow]]: "For the last three days I have been studying your songs for children, and the other day I saw a bill for a concert at the Bolshoi that I am to perform your ''Legend''... Please excuse this impertinent request I make to you (and also to [[Altani]]): could you find the time to orchestrate this ''Legend'' a semitone higher, in F minor?" <ref name="note17"/>. Tchaikovsky duly complied with the artist's request, and the orchestral version was scored for 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (in B-flat), 2 bassoons, 2 horns (in F), and strings <ref name="note18"/>.

	''Legend'' (No. 5) was also arranged by the author for mixed chorus ''a cappella''. This arrangement was made in January 1889, evidently at the request of [[Fyodor Becker]], who asked Tchaikovsky to write two secular choruses for a concert of the Imperial Theatre Chorus. For this event the composer wrote the chorus ''[[The Nightingale]]'' and made an arrangement for mixed chorus of the children's song ''Legend'', which was performed for the first time on 19/31 March 1889 at a secular choral concert by the [[Saint Petersburg]] Imperial Opera, conducted by [[Fyodor Becker]].		''Legend'' (No. 5) was also arranged by the author for mixed chorus ''a cappella''. This arrangement was made in January 1889, evidently at the request of [[Fyodor Becker]], who asked Tchaikovsky to write two secular choruses for a concert of the Imperial Theatre Chorus. For this event, the composer wrote the chorus ''[[The Nightingale]]'' and made an arrangement for mixed chorus of the children's song ''Legend'', which was performed for the first time on 19/31 March 1889 at a secular choral concert by the [[Saint Petersburg]] Imperial Opera, conducted by [[Fyodor Becker]].

	[[Sergey Taneyev]] made an arrangement of the song ''Autumn'' (No. 14) in 1891, which was published by [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] in 1892.		[[Sergey Taneyev]] made an arrangement of the song ''Autumn'' (No. 14) in 1891, which was published by [[Pyotr Jurgenson]] in 1892.

Tony: /* Composition */ Separated "Tchaikovskaya" and "that"

2023-01-30T19:07:44Z

Composition: Separated "Tchaikovskaya" and "that"

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	The remaining songs used in the collection (Nos. 1 to 15) were written in the autumn of 1883 at [[Kamenka]], shortly after the [[Suite No. 2]] had been completed.		The remaining songs used in the collection (Nos. 1 to 15) were written in the autumn of 1883 at [[Kamenka]], shortly after the [[Suite No. 2]] had been completed.

	After completing the [[Suite No. 2]] on 13/25 October, Tchaikovsky spent five days in [[Kiev]] before returning to [[Kamenka]] on 19/31 October. From here he wrote to [[Nikolay Konradi]]: "Now I shall rest for a while, i.e. writing nothing, or next to nothing" <ref name="note10"/>. On the fair copy of the song ''Spring'' (No. 3). Tchaikovsky wrote the date " [[Kamenka]], 23 Oct[ober] 1883" <ref name="note11"/>. On 24 October/5 November, the composer told [[Modest Tchaikovsky]]: "It is obvious that I cannot live without work here even for a few days, and scarcely had I finished my suite than I set about composing children's songs. carefully writing one each day. But this work is agreeable and easy because I've taken the texts from [[Pleshcheyev]]'s ''Snowdrop'', which is full of delightful things" <ref name="note12"/>.		After completing the [[Suite No. 2]] on 13/25 October, Tchaikovsky spent five days in [[Kiev]] before returning to [[Kamenka]] on 19/31 October. From here he wrote to [[Nikolay Konradi]]: "Now I shall rest for a while, i.e. writing nothing, or next to nothing" <ref name="note10"/>. On the fair copy of the song ''Spring'' (No. 3), Tchaikovsky wrote the date "[[Kamenka]], 23 Oct[ober] 1883" <ref name="note11"/>. On 24 October/5 November, the composer told [[Modest Tchaikovsky]]: "It is obvious that I cannot live without work here even for a few days, and scarcely had I finished my suite than I set about composing children's songs, carefully writing one each day. But this work is agreeable and easy because I've taken the texts from [[Pleshcheyev]]'s ''Snowdrop'', which is full of delightful things" <ref name="note12"/>.

	The composer worked on the songs with great enthusiasm: "I am now writing a collection of ''children's songs'', which I have been planning for some time"—he wrote to [[Nadezhda von Meck]] on 25 October/6 November 1883. "I am quite carried away with this work, and I think the songs will turn out well" <ref name="note13"/>.		The composer worked on the songs with great enthusiasm: "I am now writing a collection of ''children's songs'', which I have been planning for some time"—he wrote to [[Nadezhda von Meck]] on 25 October/6 November 1883. "I am quite carried away with this work, and I think the songs will turn out well" <ref name="note13"/>.

	On 30 October/11 November. Tchaikovsky told [[Praskovya Tchaikovskaya]]that composition of the songs had come to a halt: "I would have written more of them because I find this work very agreeable, but I have run out of suitable poems" <ref name="note14"/>. He also wrote to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]] on 31 October/12 November: "I have been writing some children's songs, but have had to stop due to a shortage of texts" <ref name="note15"/>.		On 30 October/11 November, Tchaikovsky told [[Praskovya Tchaikovskaya]] that composition of the songs had come to a halt: "I would have written more of them because I find this work very agreeable, but I have run out of suitable poems" <ref name="note14"/>. He also wrote to [[Modest Tchaikovsky]] on 31 October/12 November: "I have been writing some children's songs, but have had to stop due to a shortage of texts" <ref name="note15"/>.

	It seems that at this point the rough draft was more or less complete, and work had begun on copying out the songs, as Tchaikovsky wrote to [[Nadezhda von Meck]] on 1/13 November: "I am occupied with writing children's songs. This should have been completed during my holiday, had I not been carried away and made so many sketches, which I now yearn to be over and done with" <ref name="note16"/>.		It seems that at this point the rough draft was more or less complete, and work had begun on copying out the songs, as Tchaikovsky wrote to [[Nadezhda von Meck]] on 1/13 November: "I am occupied with writing children's songs. This should have been completed during my holiday, had I not been carried away and made so many sketches, which I now yearn to be over and done with" <ref name="note16"/>.

Tony: /* Texts */ Added "in" for clarity of meaning

2023-01-29T20:24:18Z

Texts: Added "in" for clarity of meaning

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	The composer prefaced the published score with a foreword: "In the first place, the form of the music means I have had to take the liberty of shortening or rearranging some of [[A. N. Pleshcheyev]]'s poems. I beg the respected poet to forgive this, but very few of his excellent pieces have been distorted".		The composer prefaced the published score with a foreword: "In the first place, the form of the music means I have had to take the liberty of shortening or rearranging some of [[A. N. Pleshcheyev]]'s poems. I beg the respected poet to forgive this, but very few of his excellent pieces have been distorted".

	As well as texts by [[Pleshcheyev]], Tchaikovsky also considered poems by other authors. Reading through the July issue of ''Old Russia'' (Русская старина) in 1883, Tchaikovsky made an entry in his notebook: "If going to write ''children's songs'', use two texts by Tumansky from ''Old Russia'') <ref name="note5"/>. These poems by Vasily Tumansky — ''The Poor Child'' (Больное дитя) and ''The Complaint'' (Жалоба), both dating from 1883 — were not subsequently used in the collection.		As well as texts by [[Pleshcheyev]], Tchaikovsky also considered poems by other authors. Reading through the July issue of ''Old Russia'' (Русская старина) in 1883, Tchaikovsky made an entry in his notebook: "If going to write ''children's songs'', use two texts by Tumansky from ''Old Russia"'' <ref name="note5"/>. These poems by Vasily Tumansky — ''The Poor Child'' (Больное дитя) and ''The Complaint'' (Жалоба), both dating from 1883 — were not subsequently used in the collection.

	A short sketch to words from [[Aleksandr Pushkin]]'s poem ''The Vampire'' (Вурдалак) <ref name="note6"/> are found with those for Nos. 12 and 13 of the Sixteen Children's Songs, but this was not subsequently developed.		A short sketch to words from [[Aleksandr Pushkin]]'s poem ''The Vampire'' (Вурдалак) <ref name="note6"/> are found with those for Nos. 12 and 13 of the Sixteen Children's Songs, but this was not subsequently developed.

	In the published collection the text was abridged in five of the songs: ''Granny and Grandson'' (No. 1), ''Little Bird'' (No. 2), ''Lullaby in a Storm'' (No. 10), ''Winter'' (No. 12) and ''Spring Song'' (No. 13). The most significant cuts were in Nos. 1 and 12. Besides these Tchaikovsky introduced significant alterations to the texts in the song ''Granny and Grandson'' (No. 1), and lesser changes ''Little Bird'' (No. 2), ''On the Bank'' (No. 6), ''The Cuckoo'' (No. 8), ''Winter'' (No. 12), ''Spring Song'' (No. 13) and ''The Swallow'' (No. 15).		In the published collection, the text was abridged in five of the songs: ''Granny and Grandson'' (No. 1), ''Little Bird'' (No. 2), ''Lullaby in a Storm'' (No. 10), ''Winter'' (No. 12) and ''Spring Song'' (No. 13). The most significant cuts were in Nos. 1 and 12. Besides these, Tchaikovsky introduced significant alterations to the texts in the song ''Granny and Grandson'' (No. 1), and lesser changes in ''Little Bird'' (No. 2), ''On the Bank'' (No. 6), ''The Cuckoo'' (No. 8), ''Winter'' (No. 12), ''Spring Song'' (No. 13) and ''The Swallow'' (No. 15).

	In the romance ''Night'' (No. 9), Tchaikovsky shortened [[Yakov Polonsky]]'s poem, and he also made changes to the words in ''O, If Only You Knew'' (No. 3), ''Night'' (No. 9) and ''The Gentle Stars Shone for Us'' (No. 12).		In the romance ''Night'' (No. 9), Tchaikovsky shortened [[Yakov Polonsky]]'s poem, and he also made changes to the words in ''O, If Only You Knew'' (No. 3), ''Night'' (No. 9) and ''The Gentle Stars Shone for Us'' (No. 12).

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