<?xml version="1.0"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en-GB">
	<id>https://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Stepan_Smolensky</id>
	<title>Stepan Smolensky - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Stepan_Smolensky"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/index.php?title=Stepan_Smolensky&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-15T18:02:18Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.38.2</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/index.php?title=Stepan_Smolensky&amp;diff=61872&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Brett at 10:32, 22 August 2023</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/index.php?title=Stepan_Smolensky&amp;diff=61872&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-08-22T10:32:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en-GB&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:32, 22 August 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{picture|file=Stepan Smolensky.jpg|caption=&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stepan Smolensky&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1848-1909)}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{picture|file=Stepan Smolensky.jpg|caption=&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stepan Smolensky&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1848-1909)}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Choirmaster and Russian church music historian (b. 8/20 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;August &lt;/del&gt;1848 in [[Kazan]]; d. 20 July/2 August 1909 in Vasilsursk&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, near [[Kazan]]&lt;/del&gt;), born &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stepan Vasilyevich Smolensky&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Степан Васильевич Смоленский).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Choirmaster and Russian church music historian (b. 8/20 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;October &lt;/ins&gt;1848 in [[Kazan]]; d. 20 July/2 August 1909 in Vasilsursk), born &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stepan Vasilyevich Smolensky&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Степан Васильевич Смоленский).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;After graduating from the law and philology departments at [[Kazan]] University, Smolensky then taught at the city&amp;#039;s teacher seminary. In 1889, he moved to [[Moscow]] to take up the post of director of the Synodal School (which trained choristers for the Russian Orthodox church services and was also a boarding-school for those pupils who enrolled at the age of 7 or 8), as well as becoming a professor at the [[Moscow]] Conservatory. The Synodal Choir was reputed to be one of the best in the world, and although at its public appearances (mostly in the Cathedral of the Dormition) it was only permitted to sing Russian Orthodox sacred music, the choir did study non-Orthodox works, too (including the masses of Palestrina and [[Mozart]]), but could only perform these at private concerts. Quite often when Tchaikovsky happened to be in [[Moscow]], Smolensky would organize such concerts for him &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;note1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;. From 1901 to 1903 Smolensky directed the Imperial Chapel Choir in [[Saint Petersburg]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;After graduating from the law and philology departments at [[Kazan]] University, Smolensky then taught at the city&amp;#039;s teacher seminary. In 1889, he moved to [[Moscow]] to take up the post of director of the Synodal School (which trained choristers for the Russian Orthodox church services and was also a boarding-school for those pupils who enrolled at the age of 7 or 8), as well as becoming a professor at the [[Moscow]] Conservatory. The Synodal Choir was reputed to be one of the best in the world, and although at its public appearances (mostly in the Cathedral of the Dormition) it was only permitted to sing Russian Orthodox sacred music, the choir did study non-Orthodox works, too (including the masses of Palestrina and [[Mozart]]), but could only perform these at private concerts. Quite often when Tchaikovsky happened to be in [[Moscow]], Smolensky would organize such concerts for him &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;note1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;. From 1901 to 1903 Smolensky directed the Imperial Chapel Choir in [[Saint Petersburg]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l11&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Letter 4913a]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – 11/23 April 1893, from [[Klin]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Letter 4913a]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – 11/23 April 1893, from [[Klin]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;4 letters from Smolensky to the composer, dating from 1892 and 1893, are preserved in the {{RUS-KLč}} at [[Klin]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;4 letters from Smolensky to the composer, dating from 1892 and 1893, are preserved in the {{RUS-KLč}} at [[Klin]] &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(a{{sup|4}}, Nos. 4051–4054)&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Bibliography==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Bibliography==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{bib|1959/27}} (1959)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{bib|1959/27}} (1959)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{bib|2003/78}} (2003)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{bib|2003/78}} (2003)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==External Links==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [[wikipedia:Stepan_Smolensky|Wikipedia]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* {{viaf|19721110}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Notes and References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Notes and References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l26&quot;&gt;Line 26:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 30:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Conductors|Smolensky, Stepan]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Conductors|Smolensky, Stepan]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Writers|Smolensky, Stepan]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Writers|Smolensky, Stepan]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Brett</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/index.php?title=Stepan_Smolensky&amp;diff=60978&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Brett: Text replacement - &quot;Klin House-Museum Archive&quot; to &quot;{{RUS-KLč}} at Klin&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/index.php?title=Stepan_Smolensky&amp;diff=60978&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-08-08T07:54:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Text replacement - &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;/pages/Klin&quot; title=&quot;Klin&quot;&gt;Klin&lt;/a&gt; House-Museum Archive&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;{{RUS-KLč}} at &lt;a href=&quot;/pages/Klin&quot; title=&quot;Klin&quot;&gt;Klin&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en-GB&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:54, 8 August 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l11&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Letter 4913a]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – 11/23 April 1893, from [[Klin]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Letter 4913a]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – 11/23 April 1893, from [[Klin]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;4 letters from Smolensky to the composer, dating from 1892 and 1893, are preserved in the [[Klin]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;House-Museum Archive&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;4 letters from Smolensky to the composer, dating from 1892 and 1893, are preserved in the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{RUS-KLč}} at &lt;/ins&gt;[[Klin]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Bibliography==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Bibliography==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Brett</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/index.php?title=Stepan_Smolensky&amp;diff=57791&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tony at 14:55, 28 November 2022</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/index.php?title=Stepan_Smolensky&amp;diff=57791&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-11-28T14:55:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en-GB&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:55, 28 November 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{picture|file=Stepan Smolensky.jpg|caption=&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stepan Smolensky&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1848-1909)}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{picture|file=Stepan Smolensky.jpg|caption=&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stepan Smolensky&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1848-1909)}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Choirmaster&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;and Russian church music historian (b. 8/20 August 1848 in [[Kazan]]; d. 20 July/2 August 1909 in Vasilsursk, near [[Kazan]]), born &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stepan Vasilyevich Smolensky&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Степан Васильевич Смоленский).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Choirmaster and Russian church music historian (b. 8/20 August 1848 in [[Kazan]]; d. 20 July/2 August 1909 in Vasilsursk, near [[Kazan]]), born &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stepan Vasilyevich Smolensky&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Степан Васильевич Смоленский).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;After graduating from the law and philology departments at [[Kazan]] University, Smolensky then taught at the city&amp;#039;s teacher seminary. In 1889 he moved to [[Moscow]] to take up the post of director of the Synodal School (which trained choristers for the Russian Orthodox church services and was also a boarding-school for those pupils who enrolled at the age of 7 or 8), as well as becoming a professor at the [[Moscow]] Conservatory. The Synodal Choir was reputed to be one of the best in the world, and although at its public appearances (mostly in the Cathedral of the Dormition) it was only permitted to sing Russian Orthodox sacred music, the choir did study non-Orthodox works, too (including the masses of Palestrina and [[Mozart]]), but could only perform these at private concerts. Quite often when Tchaikovsky happened to be in [[Moscow]], Smolensky would organize such concerts for him &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;note1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;. From 1901 to 1903 Smolensky directed the Imperial Chapel Choir in [[Saint Petersburg]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;After graduating from the law and philology departments at [[Kazan]] University, Smolensky then taught at the city&amp;#039;s teacher seminary. In 1889&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;he moved to [[Moscow]] to take up the post of director of the Synodal School (which trained choristers for the Russian Orthodox church services and was also a boarding-school for those pupils who enrolled at the age of 7 or 8), as well as becoming a professor at the [[Moscow]] Conservatory. The Synodal Choir was reputed to be one of the best in the world, and although at its public appearances (mostly in the Cathedral of the Dormition) it was only permitted to sing Russian Orthodox sacred music, the choir did study non-Orthodox works, too (including the masses of Palestrina and [[Mozart]]), but could only perform these at private concerts. Quite often when Tchaikovsky happened to be in [[Moscow]], Smolensky would organize such concerts for him &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;note1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;. From 1901 to 1903 Smolensky directed the Imperial Chapel Choir in [[Saint Petersburg]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Correspondence with Tchaikovsky==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Correspondence with Tchaikovsky==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tony</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/index.php?title=Stepan_Smolensky&amp;diff=34614&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Brett: 1 revision imported</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/index.php?title=Stepan_Smolensky&amp;diff=34614&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-07-12T11:12:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en-GB&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:12, 12 July 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Brett</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/index.php?title=Stepan_Smolensky&amp;diff=34613&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Brett: Text replacement - &quot;all of which are available in English translations on this website:&quot; to &quot;all of which have been translated into English on this website:&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/index.php?title=Stepan_Smolensky&amp;diff=34613&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-03-08T11:01:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Text replacement - &amp;quot;all of which are available in English translations on this website:&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;all of which have been translated into English on this website:&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{picture|file=Stepan Smolensky.jpg|caption=&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stepan Smolensky&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1848-1909)}}&lt;br /&gt;
Choirmaster, and Russian church music historian (b. 8/20 August 1848 in [[Kazan]]; d. 20 July/2 August 1909 in Vasilsursk, near [[Kazan]]), born &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stepan Vasilyevich Smolensky&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Степан Васильевич Смоленский).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After graduating from the law and philology departments at [[Kazan]] University, Smolensky then taught at the city&amp;#039;s teacher seminary. In 1889 he moved to [[Moscow]] to take up the post of director of the Synodal School (which trained choristers for the Russian Orthodox church services and was also a boarding-school for those pupils who enrolled at the age of 7 or 8), as well as becoming a professor at the [[Moscow]] Conservatory. The Synodal Choir was reputed to be one of the best in the world, and although at its public appearances (mostly in the Cathedral of the Dormition) it was only permitted to sing Russian Orthodox sacred music, the choir did study non-Orthodox works, too (including the masses of Palestrina and [[Mozart]]), but could only perform these at private concerts. Quite often when Tchaikovsky happened to be in [[Moscow]], Smolensky would organize such concerts for him &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;note1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;. From 1901 to 1903 Smolensky directed the Imperial Chapel Choir in [[Saint Petersburg]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Correspondence with Tchaikovsky==&lt;br /&gt;
4 letters from Tchaikovsky to Stepan Smolensky have survived, dating from 1892 and 1893, all of which have been translated into English on this website:&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Letter 4763]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – 1/13 September 1892, from [[Moscow]]&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Letter 4887]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – 8/20 March 1893, from [[Moscow]]&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Letter 4911]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – 5/17 April 1893, from [[Klin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Letter 4913a]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – 11/23 April 1893, from [[Klin]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4 letters from Smolensky to the composer, dating from 1892 and 1893, are preserved in the [[Klin]] House-Museum Archive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
* {{bib|1959/27}} (1959)&lt;br /&gt;
* {{bib|2003/78}} (2003)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Notes and References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;note1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;See the memoirs by the pianist and teacher Aleksandr Goldenweiser (1875–1961), who was then a student at the [[Moscow]] Conservatory, in {{bib|1980/24|Воспоминания о П. И. Чайковском}} (1980), p. 314–315. A shorter extract is also included in {{bib|1993/33|Tchaikovsky Remembered}} (1993), p. 169.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/references&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:People|Smolensky, Stepan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Correspondents|Smolensky, Stepan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conductors|Smolensky, Stepan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Writers|Smolensky, Stepan]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Brett</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>